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As central nervous system depressants benzodiazepines and alcohol function by reducing brain activity resulting in sedation effects, medical professionals in the UK prescribe benzodiazepines to treat anxiety and insomnia as well as seizures but people commonly drink alcohol to relax socially.
The data from a Scottish survey shows that alcohol plays a role in 11% of deaths linked to benzodiazepines thus demonstrating a serious hazard. The same survey revealed that opiates or opioids were involved in 94% of deaths caused by benzodiazepines [1]. In the US, the data on this correlation is even more staggering as alcohol is implicated in 1 in 5 Benzo-related deaths [2].
Let’s learn more about how this combination can affect your health.
Benzodiazepines which people refer to as “benzos” represent a group of prescription medications used to manage anxiety symptoms as well as treat insomnia seizures and muscle spasms. These medications produce their calming effect by boosting the function of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) which reduces brain activity.
In the UK benzodiazepines receive short-term prescriptions because they carry a risk of dependence and withdrawal effects [3].
Some of the most well-known benzodiazepines include:
Benzodiazepines act as safe treatments for specific health issues yet become very risky when not used properly, particularly when alcohol is consumed simultaneously.
The central nervous system receives depressant effects from alcohol which reduces both brain activity and body functions. It affects various neurotransmitters, particularly GABA and glutamate [3], leading to effects such as:
Long-term health problems develop from chronic alcohol use because it damages the liver and memory functions while raising mental health disorder risks. The combination of alcohol with depressants such as benzodiazepines produces dramatically stronger effects which create serious health risks.
Healthcare providers prescribe benzodiazepines for only short-term treatment because patients can develop a dependence on these drugs. To ensure safety while taking them, doctors provide strict guidelines, which include:
While many believe one alcoholic beverage won’t affect them during benzodiazepine treatment this assumption is incorrect as moderate drinking presents potential dangers. The extent of these effects depends on factors such as:
1. Prescribed benzodiazepine duration affects patient responses because short-acting medications like lorazepam generate immediate drowsiness yet longer-acting forms such as diazepam remain active for hours consequently raising delay risk for drug effects [4].
2. Debilitating effects of depressants like alcohol affect highly sensitive individuals even when only consuming minor amounts.
3. Benzodiazepine and alcohol processing through the body depends on a person’s age as well as their weight and their liver’s functioning capability. People who process medicine at slower rates face a greater danger of extended sedation.
The combination of benzodiazepines with alcohol creates dangerous effects which make any level of alcohol consumption unsafe. Complete avoidance of alcohol remains the safest method to avoid dangerous interactions when taking benzodiazepines.
The combination of benzodiazepines and alcohol results in immediate severe health dangers. Both compounds function as depressants which reduce nervous system activity. When taken together, their effects intensify, leading to:
Both benzodiazepines and alcohol boost GABA activity which results in decreased brain activity. The combined use of these substances creates extremely high sedation levels which raise the chance of experiencing an overdose. The combination of alcohol with any amount of a previously safe dose becomes life-threatening because this drug interaction remains unpredictable.
The duration benzodiazepines remain active varies between distinct drugs which leads to unpredictable lasting effects. The risk of dangerous sedation remains high when alcohol is consumed several hours after benzodiazepine administration.
Users face a significant danger when they unintentionally take too much due to these interactions. The speed at which alcohol combined with benzodiazepines impairs systemic functions goes unrecognized by many people. Excessively slowed breathing may cause someone to lose consciousness or fall into a coma [5].
The misuse of benzodiazepines continues to rise throughout the UK and becomes especially dangerous when used in conjunction with alcohol. Research indicates that many hospital admissions for drug intoxication result from patients using both alcohol and benzodiazepines. People must understand better the risks associated with this combination.
When alcohol mixes with benzodiazepines it creates immediate severe impairment effects. Even at low doses, people may experience:
The body absorbs alcohol rapidly into the bloodstream so effects show up within minutes after consumption, especially during large drinks or on an empty stomach.
The combined regular use of benzodiazepines and alcohol leads to permanent health problems which extend past immediate impairment effects. Some of the most serious long-term risks include:
When someone uses benzodiazepines and alcohol over an extended period their body and mind develop a dependency on these substances for normal function. Some of the key signs of dependence include:
Early problem recognition plays an essential role in successful recovery. Any individual dealing with benzodiazepine and alcohol problems should seek professional assistance as their next best action. Here are some signs that intervention may be necessary:
Treatment options in the UK cover NHS addiction services and private rehabilitation centres together with local community programs. Detox programs combined with therapy and medication-assisted treatment together with ongoing support groups form the basis of treatment options [3].
When someone you care about needs help getting through their difficulties reaching out to a healthcare professional should be the initial action towards recovery.
1. Scottish Government. Benzodiazepine use – current trends: evidence review. https://www.gov.scot/publications/evidence-review-current-trends-benzodiazepine-use-scotland/pages/3/#page-top
2. University of California San Francisco. Problem Drinkers Have Higher ‘Benzo’ Use, UCSF-Kaiser Permanente Study Shows. https://www.ucsf.edu/news/2019/12/416196/problem-drinkers-have-higher-benzo-use-ucsf-kaiser-permanente-study-shows
3. NHS Inform. Benzodiazepines (benzos, diazepam, valium). https://www.nhsinform.scot/healthy-living/drugs-and-drug-use/common-drugs/benzodiazepines-benzos-diazepam-valium/
4. Hirschtritt ME, Palzes VA, Kline-Simon AH, Kroenke K, Campbell CI, Sterling SA. Benzodiazepine and unhealthy alcohol use among adult outpatients. Am J Manag Care. 2019 Dec 1;25(12):e358-e365. PMID: 31860229; PMCID: PMC7217068. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7217068/
5. Linnoila MI. Benzodiazepines and alcohol. J Psychiatr Res. 1990;24 Suppl 2:121-7Doioi: 10.1016/0022-3956(90)90043-p. PMID: 1980691. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1980691/;
Different benzodiazepine medications together with dosage amounts and personal metabolic rates determine how long these substances stay in the body.
While diazepam (Valium) stays in the body for several days benzodiazepines such as lorazepam (Ativan) leave the system within 12 to 24 hours.
For maximum safety, doctors usually advise patients to abstain from alcohol consumption for 24 to 48 hours following their last benzodiazepine dose. People taking long-acting benzodiazepines need to avoid alcohol for extended periods.
Benzodiazepine effects remain active when alcohol consumption occurs. Small alcohol consumption boosts the sedative properties of benzodiazepines and causes increased drowsiness together with confusion and poor coordination.
Many individuals wrongly think alcohol can “balance out” their medication yet this assumption creates unpredictable and dangerous side effects.
The way benzodiazepines enter the body determines the speed at which alcohol and these drugs interact. Benzodiazepines delivered through injection or intravenous routes act faster than pill forms so alcohol effects become intensified more rapidly when combined.
Benzodiazepines administered as oral dissolvable tablets or liquids often reach the system faster which results in alcohol interactions becoming both more immediate and severe.
Mixing alcohol with any benzodiazepine presents dangers but long-acting types such as diazepam (Valium) and clonazepam (Klonopin) deliver elevated risk because these create extended body presence leading to extended drowsiness and respiratory depression.
Short-acting benzodiazepines such as alprazolam (Xanax) become extremely hazardous when combined with alcohol because their powerful immediate sedative impact causes blackouts and unconsciousness.
A person who uses alcohol together with benzodiazepine medication could face quick and unforeseen systemic responses. Some people will feel very sleepy right away after taking benzodiazepines whereas others experience confusion and disorientation instead. The combination can produce immediate coordination loss and nausea as well as speech difficulties. Both these drugs reduce brain activity yet they produce emotional instability which results in aggressive behaviour or emotional outbursts.
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